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The growing, propagation and maintenance of plants, including fruit and vegetables (although these plant types overlap with agriculture, especially when grown commercially on a large scale).

There are many ways of categorising the different aspects of horticulture, but one category might be: gardening (domestic), arboriculture (professional maintenance, although sometimes this is considered a domain on its own within the land-based industry), amenity horticulture (professional maintenance), environmental horticulture (professional biodiversity-sustainability focus), hard landscaping (professional construction), therapeutic-medicinal horticulture (professional well-being support), sports turf (professional maintenance), commercial-production horticulture (business-sales-profit focused), urban horticulture (community and social interactions).