Compaction

An undesirable state of a soil with reduced air pore spaces and increased bulk density. It results from the squashing together of soil particles due to the pressure exerted by people or equipment. This undesirable action contributes to reduced root growth, reduced drainage capability and a more easily worn turf surface. Compaction has a significantly detrimental effect on the production of a good turfgrass surface. Other negative effects of compaction can include:

• A reduction in desirable grass coverage.
• An increase in annual meadow grass content.
• An increase in surface thatch build-up.
• An increase in the potential for weed invasion.
• An increase in the number and size of bare areas.
• An increased in plant stress.
• An increase in susceptibility to disease.
• Reduced rate of soil-air gas exchange, producing a less healthy soil ecosystem.
• Reduced infiltration rates.

It is also often referred to as Soil Compaction.