Hard Porous Pitch Maintenance: 12. Marking Out

There were several methods which were used for marking out a hard porous area.
These can include:
• Dry line marking material, e.g. ‘whitening’.
• Plastic tapes.
• Plastic tapes fixed with nails, although if disturbed then the nails are a hazard to players, so where they are used it will typically be the perimeter pitch markings only, although these can still get disturbed by play. The use of nails might have been an acceptable method of fixing tape in early years; however, these should have been replaced with either plastic nails or other methods as experience of these surfaces became more widespread.
• Plastic lines which are clipped, at intervals, over a special runner which are fixed to the pitch with nails.
• Wet line marking material, which may have a hardening compound mixed into them.