Request for Tender 
A formal process involving preparation of well-defined and specified documentation, but not necessarily extensive, which invites competitive offers from suppliers. The term is often shortened to RFT and this would typically be used where the potential purchase cost exceeds that of a Request for Quotation, for example, greater than £5,000.
An RFT is typically evaluated against defined criteria, which may be weighted, to arrive at an overall success factor which determines what is considered the best value for money by the client.
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Human focused aspects for the maintenance and management of turf surfaces, including people, materials, tools, equipment, machinery, finances, educational materials, and support networks offering advice and guidance.
Return On Investment
The ratio between the costs from an investment and the income / benefits gained (such as the consequences of improved productivity, improved quality products, increased income from hiring a facility) from the investment. This term is frequently shortened to ROI. The ROI can be calculated in several ways, with a simple formula being:
ROI=(Income from investment-Cost of investment)÷(Cost of investment)
Revenue Expenditure
This is the use of funds for routine purchases and activities, such as for the paying of salaries, training courses, PPE, building cleaning etc. Revenue expenditure will be the annual budget created to ensure a sports or amenity surface is maintained to the desired standard. It will also include the purchase of materials that are needed to maintain the surface, as well as maintenance and repair of machinery, but not the purchase of machinery because that would be covered by Capital Expenditure.
Revetted Bunker
A golf bunker with a sloping face, towards the green, of approximately either a 135°for a greenside bunker or 145° for a fairway positioned bunker. Turves are laid flat on the base of the bunker and are gradually place one on top of each other, with each subsequent turf being positioned about 40mm back (for greenside bunkers) or 60mm back (for fairway bunkers) from the front of the one beneath it; this enables the turf to carefully follow the exposed angled slope made by hand or excavator, with gaps between the turf and the previously exposed bunker face being filled with a suitable so
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Rolling Factor
A figure which expresses the relative force or pressure exerted by a roller on a turfgrass surface. The factor is calculated by the overall roller weight being divided by the sum of the width of a roller/s multiplied by the diameter of the roller/s. The rolling factor allows for general comparisons only between different rollers, either as dedicated rollers or rollers on cylinder mowers for example, to provide an indication of relative firmness / compaction effects they exert.
RF (Rolling Factor)=(Weight of roller(s) (kg))/(Roller width (cm) x Roller diameter (cm) )
The scientific
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Root Cause
The source of a problem or issue that is affecting a process or achievement of an outcome. For many ground management situations, it can be difficult to identify the root cause of a problem because there can be many interacting and inter-related features that can be influencing the problem. For example, moss ingress into a bowling green is often the result of not one but many factors.
Rugby Football League Pitch Maintenance
The aim is to provide an even surface, without significant undulations, allowing players to run without fear of stumbling. The surface and especially the root system must provide a good grip for tackling and turning. The grass length should be able to provide a suitable cushion for players on impact with the ground, which itself must not be too hard. The surface should drain reasonably well to avoid water collecting in small puddles as otherwise this would be a significant hazard for play if players were to become face down following a tackle. The rugby league season typically runs from Febru
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Rugby Football Union Pitch Maintenance
The aim is to provide an even surface, without significant undulations, allowing players to run without fear of stumbling. The surface and especially the root system must provide a good grip for scrummage, a maul, a ruck, tackling and turning. The size of a scrum pack will depend on age group and standard of play, but for one adult team the total mass of bodies forming a scrum could readily be in the range of 800-900kg; the force exerted from the scrum will be considerable and it is essential that the strength of the grass and root binding strength is able to withstand this interaction between players and ground.
Rugby Pitch: Determining Maintenance Requirements
One of the commonest questions which needs to be considered is ‘What do I, or we, need to do to maintain the pitch?’ To answer this question is no simple matter because there are many variables to consider and just as importantly, if not more so, is the interconnections between the many variables. No wonder there is such a diversity of opinion and practice in the maintenance of rugby (league or union) pitches.
One of the first steps is to think about are the aim and objectives for the pitch.
Two key areas that will need to be considered are:
• The desired quality standard of pitch surfa
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