Grey Water

Water that has been used for baths, showers, washing, but not flushed from toilets. Grey water can be considered for re-use around the base of plants, although it may need treating beforehand by filtering through sand, reedbeds or the like, especially where there is a relatively high concentration of cleaning material residues. If grey water is to be used on lawns, then it should be treated to ensure the water quality will not harm the grass leaves. Varying the application of grey water with collected rainwater or potable water may be more desirable and have less of a negative effect on pla

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  Hannover Principles

Nine design principles to promote sustainability; many of which can be contextualised for turf management as follows:

  Herman Daly’s Rules

An environmental ecologist who proposed three requirements for a sustainable economy:

  Indirect (Overhead) Costs

An Economic Sustainability Indicator. • Brief Description: This identifies all costs incurred by an organisation that cannot easily be directly allocated to a service. An apportionment of indirect costs (such as administrative, marketing, support costs etc.) will be allocated to a service. All indirect costs should be accounted for by the range of services carried out by an organisation.

  Integrated Value Model for Sustainability Assessment.

This model applies a Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis approach to provide a sustainability index which includes economic, environmental and social requirements, each of which has defined and weighted criteria and indicators. Each indicator has a value function, from 0.0 (minimum satisfaction) to 1.0 (maximum satisfaction), with the value being arrived at using a mathematical formula. A similar approach could be combined with that of AMOEBA to better visualise the evaluated sustainability of a product or service. It is abbreviated to MIVES, which is from its Spanish spelling. (Sourc

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  Intensification

Agricultural intensification aims to increase food production through increased resource inputs. It "can be technically defined as an increase in agricultural production per unit of inputs (which may be labour, land, time, fertilizer, seed, feed or cash). For practical purposes, intensification occurs when there is an increase in the total volume of agricultural production that results from a higher productivity of inputs, or agricultural production is maintained while certain inputs are decreased." (Agricultural intensification, FAO, http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/j0902e/j0902e03.htm)

  Life Cycle Assessment

A technique, which is also referred to as Life Cycle Analysis, that is used to assess the environmental impacts associated with a product, process, or service throughout its lifecycle. It takes into accounts impacts from the different stages of the life cycle: raw materials, manufacture, use and disposal. For a deeper understanding of the interconnections between environmental, social and economic impacts the Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment technique would be used.

  Life Cycle Costing

A technique that is used to establish the total cost of a product or service over its anticipated life-span.

  Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment

An holistic approach to assessing the sustainable impact of actions and decisions using a combination of three techniques which embrace the three pillars of sustainability: environmental (Life Cycle Assessment), economic (Life Cycle Costing) and social (Social Life Cycle Assessment).

  Local Users

A Social Sustainability Indicator. • Brief Description: This provides an indication of the percentage of users of a service who are members of the local community.