Turfculture terminology used in Grounds Management

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An indication of the fineness of spray produced from a nozzle from a sprayer. There are 5 categories of spray quality: Very Fine; Fine; Medium; Coarse, and Very Coarse.

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A product which is attached to the end of a spray lance or boom which provides for delivering spray at an appropriate rate and coverage to the desired target. There are numerous types of nozzle spray patterns, with the main types being: Flat Fan (FF) and Even Flat Fan (FE); Cones: Hollow Cone (HC) and Full (Solid) Cone; and Anvil / Deflector (D).

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To enable easy comparison between nozzles from different manufacturers a standard coding system is used to help users understand nozzle types and parameters. D/0.5/1.5 = Deflector nozzle, operating at 0.5 litres per minute at 1.5 bar.

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A flexible skirt which encloses sprayer nozzles and the spray pattern it produces. It helps to prevent or reduce spray drift from a sprayer.

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The action of planting sprigs, typically in shallow grooves, to create a new sward.

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A long handled hand implement used for the raking up of fallen grass leaves, surface debris and moss. It is also used to lightly scarify a turf surface and for standing up flattened grass leaves prior to mowing. Also called a Spring Tine Rake.

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An item of equipment for applying water to an area. There are two main types of sprinkler available: Portable or Permanent.

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The action of checking an area or pitch markings to ensure that correct right angles have been used at corners, otherwise a misaligned area or pitch will be produced.

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The action of cutting vegetation, especially relatively long grass, with the use of a strimmer / trimmer.

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An intermediate method of sward establishment. A narrow strip of turf, about 75mm to 150mm in width, is laid at spacings of 300mm to 600mm. The bare area in between the turves is gradually colonised by the rhizomes or stolons of the grass used in the turf strip. This is typically carried out using the warm season Zoysia grass. Complete sward coverage can, however, be relatively slow.