Rolling 
The use of a roller to consolidate a turf surface. Before using a roller it is essential that the ground is checked to ensure no hard debris is present otherwise this will just be squashed into the playing surface, presenting a hidden hazard later on when play takes place.
A light rolling of a newly germinated seed bed may also be considered to aid initial seed bed firming or where initial seed germination and establishment requires a light firming to ensure adequate root anchorage is maintained with the soil.
Surface disturbance from a severe frost or disruption from mechanical work
Continue reading about this
Run Off [1]
The sideways movement of water across a surface which follows the path of the downward gradient. Also called Surface Run Off.
Run Off [2]
The area where a cricket bowler ‘runs off’ a pitch following delivery of a ball.
Run Off [3]
An area immediately outside of the touchline, for example on a football or rugby pitch, which acts as a safety area for players moving outside of the playing area due to tackles, or interactions with the ball and where no barriers are to be positioned, i.e. it must be free from any obstruction which could potential harm or injure a player. For junior players the runoff area might be 2m-3m in width, whilst for adults this might be 3m-5m in width.
Scalping
Cutting a relatively uneven turf surface too short, especially with bumps or humps being present, and especially when using a rotary mower in those circumstances. Mowing the edges of lawns with rotary mowers that do not have a rear roller can easily result in the rotary blade cutting into the lawn edge as it can be difficult to hold the mower level when one of the side wheels is hanging off the lawn in a flower bed or shrub border. Where an entire surface has been cut too short then this would be called Shaving a turf surface, as well as Close mowing.
Scarification
The penetration of the turf surface into the underlying organic or soil layer by the use of a scarifying implement. It is carried out to help control thatch, remove moss and to raise up flattened vegetation or lateral growing stems. It can be thought of as a scoring or marking of the surface. A light to medium scarification of a sward should not cause any disruption to play, although a severe or deep scarification will most likely result in some disruption.
Scarifier
An item of equipment used for scarification purposes. A scarifier will typically have metal tines that are either narrow prong like, or broader, being chisel or triangular in shape. The depth settings for a scarifier will vary, ranging from light to heavy: See ‘Scarification' entry for general guidance. Be careful not to destroy the sward with too deep a setting, unless this is the aim through the process of Fraise mowing.
Scarify
Scrake
A long handled tool with curved metal teeth at one end, which is used for light scarification.
Scratching
A general term used in some countries to describe the action of scarification.