Pesticide Use, Control Measures for 
Effective control measures are needed to ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements, as well as reducing waste.
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Pesticide Use, Unsafe
The unsafe use (for example, include inaccurate application, poor handling, mixing, disposal or storage) of pesticides can create serious problems and risks to the environment, humans and wildlife.
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Pesticides, Contamination from
Humans and animals, including insects, can be contaminated by pesticides through either absorption (through the skin), ingestion (through the mouth, or inhalation (through the nose).
Avoiding and reducing contamination can be achieved in numerous ways, including: by firstly not using pesticides and choosing a different control method; by ensuring a relatively stress free and healthy turf is maintained at all times; an effective COSHH assessment has been carried out; ensuring the operator is trained and certificated, but also still competence in the use of a sprayer; a pesticide is used whi
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Pesticides, Eliminating the use of
Not using pesticides significantly reduces, or eliminates, contamination and pollution of the environment from harmful substances.
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Pesticides, Influencing Factors in the Effectiveness and Efficiency of
A range of factors can influence the effectiveness and efficiency of pesticide application, absorption and retention to grass leaves.
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Pesticides: Issues with Use
There are many issues concerning the use of pesticides, however, the need to make a decision that provides a compromise between the benefits and the disadvantages is frequently made by the end-user.
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Plant Growth Regulator
A substance which regulates, primarily by reducing or restricting, the activity of plant hormones. The main groups of PGRs are abscisic acid, auxin, cytokinin, ethylene and gibberellin.
Plant Protection Product
A pesticide that protects crops, or desirable or useful plants.
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Post Emergent Herbicide
A widely used type of herbicide which controls established vegetation. The modes of action for Post-Emergent Herbicides are either contact or translocated for most turf situations.
Pre-emergent Herbicide
A type of herbicide which controls weed seedlings prior to emergence of the desirable grass seed, and which has a contact mode of action. Another mode of action for this type of herbicide is residual, which kills weeds as they germinate. This type of residual herbicide would more commonly be used on ornamental shrub beds which will not be disturbed by mechanical operations.