Budgetary Control

Managing income and expenditure by monitoring budgets to establish the current position and identify prevailing impacts and likely trends, comparing differences with actual budget and determining reasons for these, and taking corrective action where necessary. For example, corrective action may involve making savings, identifying additional sources of income, or incurring additional expenditure on more productive equipment or processes to generate increased income.

  Bund

A self-containment feature, which is like a large tray at the base of an entire storage facility, or a tray on which sits one or a few containers. The bund helps to prevent the leakage of oils, fuels, pesticides or chemicals from damaged or spilt containers from contaminating the environment outside of the bunded area. A bunded facility should be able to contain at least 110% of the volume of the largest container, or 25% of the maximum volume of all containers stored material, whichever is the larger, within the store.

  Bunker

A sand or grass pit, trap, or hollow. A bunker is a common feature on golf courses, which aims to punish a golfer who hits a poor shot. They can, however, be quite time consuming to maintain, repair and renovate.

  Business Continuity

The ability of an organisation to implement controls and maintain appropriate capabilities to ensure compliance with the law and the continued operation of the business at times of disruption. This is a forward planning process, essentially a back-up plan, which is essential if the viability of an organisation is to be maintained if serious negative disruptions occurred, such as the main building or office being burnt down, senior employees were incapacitated, or security systems were breached. There are International Standards for business continuity, including: • ISO 22301 Securit

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  Business Dashboard

A visual presentation ‘page', often using various types of charts, which provides an easy-to-understand overview of key areas of interest to an organisation. Some, or all, of the visuals might be interactive, allowing a user to drill-down for further detail and analysis.

  Bystander

An individual in the locality of where an activity is taking place, or where a material has been used. They are not involved with the activity being undertaken.

  Calendar of Works

See Maintenance Calendar.

  Capacity Building

Improving the capability of an individual, team or organisation.

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  Capillary Concrete

A proprietary form of porous concrete which has been used to line the base of some golf sand bunkers, for example, at the 2018 Ryder Cup. The company Capillary Concrete was renamed CapillaryFlow in 2023.

  Capital Expenditure

This is the use of funds to purchase fixed assets, such as machinery, or buildings / work stores, or to make long-term improvements to assets, such as the reconstruction of a sports pitch. This latter example might cost £500,000, or upwards, and which might be determined to have a lifespan of 8-years, gradually losing its value. For accounting purposes this means that it is depreciating in, or losing, value each year. The actual amount would depend on the method used: either Straight Line Depreciation, or Reducing Balance Depreciation.